REFRACTORY CAUSES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

By Dr.Sally Zeinatie



UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS
ALLEGIC RHINITIS
CHRONIC RHINITIS
SINUSITIS:nasal discharge unilateral or bilateral,cough,fever


ADENOIDAL OR TONSILLAR HYPERTROPHY
NASAL FOREIGN BODY:unilateral nasal discharge,obstruction.

MIDDLE RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS:

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHOMALACIAmost common congenital laryngeal anomaly,most frequent cause of stridor in infants and children.stridor is inspiratory,low pitched,excarbated by any exertion.symptoms appear 1st 2 weeks upto 6 months.


LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS:

fever,barking cough

LARYNGEAL WEB:
are glottic or subglottic,cry is high pitched,treatmane is by incision or dialation.

EXTERNAL MASS

COMPRESSING ON AIRWAY :

FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION.
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE.


VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS:3rd most common congenital laryngeal anomaly producing stridor.paralysis occurs as a result of surgical correction of congnital cardiac anomaly or tracheoesophageal fistula.


TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA:frothing from the mouth after feeding.

TOXIC INHALATION.

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS:

BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA:due to prematurity.tachpnea,wheeze or coarse crackles,in severe conditions mechanical ventilation is required.


VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS:

RSV,parainfluenza,
adenovirus.wheezy cough,dyspnea,irritability,fever

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX

CAUSES OF BRONCHIECTASIS:

1-CYSTIC FIBROSIS:autosomal recessive,mutations in long arm of chromosome 7respiratory symptoms are presenting features.bronchiectasis and obstructive pulmonary disaese are primary causes of morbidity and mortality.
2-IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
3-ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY MYCOSES
4-CHRONIC ASPIRATION
5-IMMOTILE CILIA SYNDROME
Primary ciliary dyskinesia:situs inversus,chronic sinusitis,otitis,airway disease.-KARTAGENER’S SYNDROME


BRONCHOLITIS OBLITERANS:

fever,cough,cyanosis,respiratory distress,sputum production,wheezing.
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE:
causes disruption of alveolar gas exchange.cough,tachpnea,dyspnea,
wheezing.


PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA,BRONCHIAL ASTHMA,VASCULITIS-CHURG STRUASS DISAESE

TUBERCULOSIS

PNEUMONIA
PULMONARY EDEMA