REFRACTORY CAUSES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

By Dr.Sally Zeinatie



UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS
ALLEGIC RHINITIS
CHRONIC RHINITIS
SINUSITIS:nasal discharge unilateral or bilateral,cough,fever


ADENOIDAL OR TONSILLAR HYPERTROPHY
NASAL FOREIGN BODY:unilateral nasal discharge,obstruction.

MIDDLE RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS:

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHOMALACIAmost common congenital laryngeal anomaly,most frequent cause of stridor in infants and children.stridor is inspiratory,low pitched,excarbated by any exertion.symptoms appear 1st 2 weeks upto 6 months.


LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS:

fever,barking cough

LARYNGEAL WEB:
are glottic or subglottic,cry is high pitched,treatmane is by incision or dialation.

EXTERNAL MASS

COMPRESSING ON AIRWAY :

FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION.
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE.


VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS:3rd most common congenital laryngeal anomaly producing stridor.paralysis occurs as a result of surgical correction of congnital cardiac anomaly or tracheoesophageal fistula.


TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA:frothing from the mouth after feeding.

TOXIC INHALATION.

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS:

BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA:due to prematurity.tachpnea,wheeze or coarse crackles,in severe conditions mechanical ventilation is required.


VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS:

RSV,parainfluenza,
adenovirus.wheezy cough,dyspnea,irritability,fever

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX

CAUSES OF BRONCHIECTASIS:

1-CYSTIC FIBROSIS:autosomal recessive,mutations in long arm of chromosome 7respiratory symptoms are presenting features.bronchiectasis and obstructive pulmonary disaese are primary causes of morbidity and mortality.
2-IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
3-ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY MYCOSES
4-CHRONIC ASPIRATION
5-IMMOTILE CILIA SYNDROME
Primary ciliary dyskinesia:situs inversus,chronic sinusitis,otitis,airway disease.-KARTAGENER’S SYNDROME


BRONCHOLITIS OBLITERANS:

fever,cough,cyanosis,respiratory distress,sputum production,wheezing.
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE:
causes disruption of alveolar gas exchange.cough,tachpnea,dyspnea,
wheezing.


PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA,BRONCHIAL ASTHMA,VASCULITIS-CHURG STRUASS DISAESE

TUBERCULOSIS

PNEUMONIA
PULMONARY EDEMA

Will My Child Grow Out of Asthma?

By Health.Tips.Net

For generations parents have been asking whether or not their child will outgrow their asthma and unfortunately the answer is no. When your physician informs of you of this, do not feel grim because there are a variety of effective and simple treatment options for your child.

Before discussing treatment options, you should be aware of what well managed asthma appears like in a child. Children with well managed asthma have few to no symptoms, no limitations on physical activity and no side affects from use of medication. Your child should be relatively free from wheezing, excessive coughing and sneezing and be able to avoid tightness in the chest and dizziness. Your treatment plan for reaching these target goals includes medication that prevents attacks and medication that acts to stop attack once one has begun. Medications that prevent asthma attacks are anti-inflammatory drugs and medication prescribed to stop an attack works as a bronchodilator (to be discussed). Beyond medication your child needs to be aware of what triggers mild, moderate and severe asthma attacks so that those activities or exposure to irritants can be limited.

Anti-inflammatory drugs such as Advair, Flovent and Singulair are based on hormones produced in the body called corticosteroids. These corticosteroids are created naturally in the body and act directly to reduce inflammation in tissues. Synthetically produced (made in the laboratory) corticosteroids act similarly to reduce inflammation in lung tubes called bronchioles (air passages that carry oxygen). These drugs open up passage ways so that asthma attacks can be prevented. When the body responds to an allergen the natural response in an asthmatic is inflammation but these anti-inflammatory drugs prevent this, thus preventing an attack.

Bronchodilators are drugs that are fast acting and widen passages so that an adequate amount of air can pass through. During an attack these bronchodilators are administered via an inhaler. An inhaler administers a set amount of the drug through the mouth. Your child can simply inhale quickly, press down on the top of the device and stop an asthma attack almost immediately. Speak to your doctor about the dangers of self-administering too much medication; an excess of this medication can result in dangerously low blood pressure and which can be deadly.

Beyond the medications discussed, your child should be careful around animals, be aware of his/her physical limitations and know how to find help if symptoms worsen. As your child learns to live with asthma, they will soon find that if it is controlled properly they can live life normally and with very few limitations.

http://health.tips.net/Pages/T003672_Will_My_Child_Grow_Out_of_Asthma.html

What is Childhood Asthma?

By Health.Tips.Net

Childhood asthma differs from adult asthma only in that its onset is between birth and age 18. Each year an estimated 4 million children under the age of 18 years experience an asthma attack. Although this disease is common and incurable it is controllable for most people who are diagnosed. It is important for both you and your child to understand what well managed asthma looks like and what causes it. Follow this discussion by developing a plan for your child to reach a stage of asthma where there are few to no symptoms or attacks.

Children with well managed asthma have few to no symptoms, no limitations on physical activity and no side affects from use of medication. Your child should be relatively free from wheezing, excessive coughing and sneezing and be able to avoid tightness in the chest and dizziness. Your treatment plan for reaching these target goals includes medication that prevents attacks and medication that acts to stop attack once one has begun.

Explain to your child that asthma attacks can be induced because of exercise, exposure to allergens (animal dander, grass, pollen, certain foods) or highly stressful situations. Help your child understand how to avoid situations that cause them to have attacks (i.e. teach them how to communicate with friends who have pets or physical education teachers who insist they perform rigorous physical activities). Your doctor can help you to identify the things that trigger asthma attacks in your child specifically. Follow this conversation with an explanation of what asthma does to the human body. Explain that the important tubes in your lungs that transport air to the body to keep it healthy become inflamed and unable to transport the necessary amount of oxygen.

After you feel that your child understands what triggers their asthma and why it happens, sit down and write down a plan for what your child will do if they are away from home and have an attack. Make sure that the child has contact numbers, stays around people if an attack occurs and has been properly instructed on how to use an inhaler prescribed by the physician.

If your child has not been diagnosed with asthma, there are a few risk factors for childhood asthma that you should be aware of. Exposure to tobacco smoke, previous allergic reactions (resulting in skin rash), low birth weight, and obesity are all risk factors. Some of these risk factors are preventable (exposure to tobacco smoke and obesity) but unfortunately some are out of your control. Speak to your doctor about these risk factors so that he can periodically check your child for symptoms of asthma.

http://health.tips.net/Pages/T003674_What_is_Childhood_Asthma.html